An Offset - Charge Independent Single - Electronics Rs Flip - Flop

Single-electronics circuits can detect charges much smaller than the charge of an electron. This enables phenomenally precise charge measurements but it also means that charged defects (often referred to as offset charges) can disrupt device operation. It has been suggested that large scale integration of single-electron devices could be used to construct fast logic circuits with a high device packing density. It small circuits, the offset charges are tuned away by applying voltages to a number of gates. In large circuits, it is impractical to tune the offset charges by coupling a gate to every device. Since the complete elimination of offset charges is probably impossible, offset-charge independent circuits must be developed. Here an offsetcharge independent RS flip-flop is described. This circuit is equivalent to a static RAM memory cell. Although the flip-flop is offset-charge independent, it does occasionally forget the information that was stored in it.